Chapter 29. Environmental Microbiology
Recommended Articles : 【Biology】 Table of Contents in Biology, 【Biology】 Chapter 36. Ecology
2. Useful Environmental Microorganisms
1. Biological Pollution
⑴ Types of Biological Pollution
① Biofilm
○ Example : Biofilm formed in water pipes
② Eutrophication : Phenomenon where algae proliferate due to nutrient enrichment in aquatic environments
○ Specifically refers to the significant increase in inorganic nutrient levels in water due to the influx of nitrates and phosphates
○ To inhibit cyanobacteria-induced algal blooms, the inflow of the causal substance, phosphorus, must be minimized
⑵ Indicator Microorganism Detection Methods
① Mainly using the coliform bacteria group (Escherichia coli)
② Group 1. Total Coliform (TC)
○ MPN Method
○ Membrane Filtration Method
○ Enzyme Activity Measurement Method
③ Group 2. Fecal Coliform (FC)
④ Other fecal bacteria can also be used
⑶ Other Detection Methods
① Adenylate Energy Charge (AEC) : Measures the activity of microbial communities
② T-RFLP (Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) : Genetic analysis method used to detect pathogenic microorganisms
③ Community Composition Analysis : Divided into composition analysis through cell components and composition analysis using rRNA genes
⑷ Sterilization : Different from disinfection
① Batch High-Pressure Sterilization (Autoclave) : 121 ℃, 15 psi, 15 minutes. Under these conditions, most microorganisms are generally killed
② Ethylene Oxide Gas Sterilization (EOG)
③ Radiation Sterilization
**2. Useful Environmental Microorganisms **
⑴ Detection of Pollution Sources : Ames Test
⑵ Pollution Removal
① Bioremediation
○ Using microorganisms for soil and groundwater pollution
○ When groundwater containing nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), and oxygen (O2) is contaminated with organic substances, microorganisms decompose the pollutants
○ Method 1. Bioaugmentation
○ Method 2. Biostimulation
○ Method 3. In-situ Bioremediation
○ Method 4. Ex-situ Bioremediation
② Nitrogen Removal Process
○ ANAMMOX (Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation)
③ Benzene Removal Process
○ Benzene Ring Cleavage Reaction
④ Phosphorus Removal Process
⑤ Wastewater Treatment
○ Method 1. Activated Sludge Process
○ Method 2. Attached Growth Process
Input: 2019.03.22 13:08