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Chapter 29. Environmental Microbiology

Recommended Articles: 【Biology】 Table of Contents in Biology, 【Biology】 Chapter 36. Ecology


1. Biological Pollution

2. Useful Environmental Microorganisms



1. Biological Pollution

⑴ Types of Biological Pollution

① Biofilm

○ Example: Biofilm formed in water pipes

Eutrophication: Phenomenon where algae proliferate due to nutrient enrichment in aquatic environments

○ Specifically, it refers to the significant increase in inorganic nutrient levels in water due to the influx of nitrates and phosphates

Biological Oxygen Demand

○ To inhibit cyanobacteria-induced algal blooms, the inflow of the phosphorus substance must be minimized

⑵ Indicator Microorganism Detection Methods

① Mainly using the coliform bacteria group (Escherichia coli)

Group 1. Total Coliform (TC)

○ MPN Method

○ Membrane Filtration Method

○ Enzyme Activity Measurement Method

Group 2. Fecal Coliform (FC)

④ Other bacteria can also be used

⑶ Other Detection Methods

① Adenylate Energy Charge (AEC): Measures the activity of microbial communities

② T-RFLP (Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism): Genetic analysis method used to detect pathogenic microorganisms

③ Community Composition Analysis: Divided into composition analysis through cell components and composition analysis using rRNA genes

⑷ Sterilization: Different from disinfection

① Batch High-Pressure Sterilization (Autoclave): 121 ℃, 15 psi, 15 minutes. Under these conditions, most microorganisms are generally killed

② Ethylene Oxide Gas Sterilization (EOG)

③ Radiation Sterilization



**2. Useful Environmental Microorganisms **

⑴ Detection of Pollution Sources: Ames Test

⑵ Pollution Removal

① Bioremediation

○ Using microorganisms for soil and groundwater pollution

○ When groundwater containing nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), and oxygen (O2) is contaminated with organic substances, microorganisms decompose the pollutants

Method 1. Bioaugmentation

Method 2. Biostimulation

Method 3. In-situ Bioremediation

Method 4. Ex-situ Bioremediation

② Nitrogen Removal Process

○ ANAMMOX (Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation)

③ Benzene Removal Process

○ Benzene Ring Cleavage Reaction

④ Phosphorus Removal Process

⑤ Wastewater Treatment

Method 1. Suspended Growth Process of Microogranisms

Method 2. Attached Growth Process of Microorganisms



Input: 2019.03.22 13:08

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