Chapter 29. Environmental Microbiology
Recommended Articles: 【Biology】 Table of Contents in Biology, 【Biology】 Chapter 36. Ecology
2. Useful Environmental Microorganisms
1. Biological Pollution
⑴ Types of Biological Pollution
① Biofilm
○ Example: Biofilm formed in water pipes
② Eutrophication: Phenomenon where algae proliferate due to nutrient enrichment in aquatic environments
○ Specifically, it refers to the significant increase in inorganic nutrient levels in water due to the influx of nitrates and phosphates
○ To inhibit cyanobacteria-induced algal blooms, the inflow of the phosphorus substance must be minimized
⑵ Indicator Microorganism Detection Methods
① Mainly using the coliform bacteria group (Escherichia coli)
② Group 1. Total Coliform (TC)
○ MPN Method
○ Membrane Filtration Method
○ Enzyme Activity Measurement Method
③ Group 2. Fecal Coliform (FC)
④ Other bacteria can also be used
⑶ Other Detection Methods
① Adenylate Energy Charge (AEC): Measures the activity of microbial communities
② T-RFLP (Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism): Genetic analysis method used to detect pathogenic microorganisms
③ Community Composition Analysis: Divided into composition analysis through cell components and composition analysis using rRNA genes
⑷ Sterilization: Different from disinfection
① Batch High-Pressure Sterilization (Autoclave): 121 ℃, 15 psi, 15 minutes. Under these conditions, most microorganisms are generally killed
② Ethylene Oxide Gas Sterilization (EOG)
③ Radiation Sterilization
**2. Useful Environmental Microorganisms **
⑴ Detection of Pollution Sources: Ames Test
⑵ Pollution Removal
① Bioremediation
○ Using microorganisms for soil and groundwater pollution
○ When groundwater containing nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), and oxygen (O2) is contaminated with organic substances, microorganisms decompose the pollutants
○ Method 1. Bioaugmentation
○ Method 2. Biostimulation
○ Method 3. In-situ Bioremediation
○ Method 4. Ex-situ Bioremediation
② Nitrogen Removal Process
○ ANAMMOX (Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation)
③ Benzene Removal Process
○ Benzene Ring Cleavage Reaction
④ Phosphorus Removal Process
⑤ Wastewater Treatment
○ Method 1. Suspended Growth Process of Microogranisms
○ Method 2. Attached Growth Process of Microorganisms
Input: 2019.03.22 13:08