How to Speak in English
Recommendation : 【English】 English Index, 【TOEFL】 TOEFL Speaking Practice and Template
1. Overview
⑴ Principle : Simple is better
① Reason : Simple sentences can help deliver messages and allocate more brain resources to word choices
② Inspired by former U.S. President Donald Trump’s way of speaking
③ Sentence type
○ A is equal to B.
○ A equals to B.
○ A verb B.
○ Adverbial phrase or adverbial clause, S + V.
○ S+V, adverbial phrase or adverbial clause.
⑵ Strategy
① I decided to simplify the sentences as much as possible and appeal for good pronunciation and advanced vocabulary choices.
② Using words like ‘demonstrate’, which have a longer phonetic duration and are general-purpose, is advantageous over forming idioms with simpler words.
○ Reason 1. Words with a longer phonetic duration can convey the message more clearly to the listener without gaps in sound.
○ Reason 2. Words that are longer in sound are usually general-purpose, reducing word recall delay.
③ Present completion is more advantageous than simple past.
○ Reason 1. The present completion can be used in the past tense and the present tense.
○ Reason 2. Even if you say subject + p.p., you can make up for the mistake by understanding it as subject ‘ve + p.p.’
○ Reason 3. Even if you say subject ‘ve have p.p.’, you can make up for the mistake by understanding it as subject ‘have + p.p.’
○ Reason 4. Because the present completion has the effect of making the speech longer than in the past.
④ Multiple nouns are more advantageous than singular nouns because plural nouns do not require articles.
⑤ Progressive tense is more advantageous than simple tense: Even if you say the verb be by mistake, you can continue the sentence with the meaning of the verb.
⑥ If it’s not a really familiar autologous verb, let’s organize expressions focusing on transitive verbs becayse the autologous verb doesn’t need an object, but it’s awkward to use them.
○ Example : Using ‘terminate’ rather than ‘end’.
○ However, if you use an automatic verb when you can use it, you can show your expertise.
⑦ Le’s organize expression in passive rather than active :If the subject is omitted in active voice, English is a little awkward.
⑧ Use the past tense for auxiliary verbs.
⑨ Use personal pronouns as much as possible if you are the subject of a person.
⑩ If you use a lot of auxiliary verbs, you are less likely to make mistakes.
○ Reason 1. Because the verb that follows the auxiliary verb is an infinitive verb.
○ Reason 2. The past tense of the auxiliary verb gives a more formal feeling, but in many cases it is the same as the present tense of the auxiliary verb.
⑪ When speaking, small mistakes are usually tolerated. It’s actually more problematic to speak without confidence and hesitate.
○ For example, even if you say “Who ever heard of this?” people will generally understand and interpret it as “Who has ever heard of this?”
⑶ Real number pattern
① When using more + adjective comparative
② Confusion with “have p.p” and “have been p.p.”
③ When using “also” at the end of a sentence : If it’s a positive sentence you may use “too”, and if it’s a negative sentence or a question you may use “either.” For both cases, you can use “as well”.
④ When using ‘much + countable verb’.
⑷ Make sure that the most important thing in the following main expression list is at the top.
2. Nouns Useful in Conversation
⑴ Simple nouns
○ characteristic
○ thought
○ possibility
○ probability
○ opportunity
○ statement
○ stuff
○ sustainability
○ performance
○ endeavor
○ itinerary
3. Verbs Useful in Conversation
⑴ Simple verbs
○ be considered
○ be recommended
○ be registered as ~
○ consist of ~
○ be composited of ~
○ mention: mention
○ announce
○ perform: perform
○ figure out
○ identify
○ speculate
○ encourage
○ hesitate
○ long for: Note that it’s more natural when you use the present progressive form than ‘like’, ‘wanting’.
○ emphasize
○ highlight
○ acknowledge
○ determine
○ lead
○ summarize
○ witness
○ claim
○ verify
○ assert
○ agonize
○ replace A with B : Note that I’m a little confused about the ‘substitute’, so I’ll use ‘replace’ in most cases.
○ be aware of
○ overcome
○ deviate
○ elaborate
○ follow
○ establish
○ start over
○ reach
○ exaggerate
○ serve as ~
○ look for
○ articulate
○ elucidate
○ management to
○ terminate
○ hinder
○ hamper
○ forgo
○ clarify
○ bear out
○ guess
○ migrate
○ relish
○ employ
⑵ verbs that constitute idioms
○ would like to ~
○ be eager to
○ be capable of -ing
○ had better + R
○ don’t/doesn’t need to ~
○ make sense : have a point
○ make sure
○ be in a hurry
○ be made of (= be made up of)
○ look forward to -ing
○ remind ~ of ···
○ have nothing to do with ~
○ shed light on
○ cannot help but do :~
○ think over
○ be prone to
4. Adjectives Useful in Conversation
⑴ Simple qualifying adjectives
○ clear
○ suitable
○ wise
○ embarrased
○ nervous
○ obvious
○ concise
○ frustrated
○ arrogant
○ proper
○ a couple of
○ several
○ adventageous
○ all : Note that Every has a singular limit, so it’s confusing to use it.
○ eligible
○ thorough
○ humble
○ righteous
○ credible
○ trustworthy
○ esoteric
⑵ Simple descriptive adjectives
○ fit
○ escalating
○ delighted
○ glad
○ excited
○ interested
⑶ Adjectives that constitute idioms
○ be prone to + v-ing
5. Adverbs Useful in Conversation
○ a little bit
○ actually
○ recently
○ seemingly
○ exactly
○ considerably
○ surprisingly
○ not necessarily ~
○ in detail
○ simultaneously
○ at the same time
○ so far
○ everywhere
○ without reservation
○ to the best of my knowledge
○ as far as I know
○ respectively
○ as a matter of fact: Actually
○ unwillingly
○ solely
○ certinly
○ taken together
○ extremly
○ likewise
○ once
○ twice
6. Adverbial Phrases Useful in Conversation
○ in terms of ~
○ due to ~
○ in front of ~
○ ahead of ~
○ as of ~
7. Conjunctions Useful in Conversation
○ also: And
○ When :~
○ because : Used to set reasons for long periods without formalities.
○ since : Used to give a formal reason.
○ as : asUse it to briefly explain the reason.
○ then
○ in addition
○ additionally
○ thereafter
8. Clauses Useful in Conversation
○ It is ~ that ···
○ When it comes to ~
○ What matters is ~
○ What counts is ~
○ A is preceded by B
○ A is followed by B
○ ··· So well so that ~
○ ··· So that ~
○ ··· “adjective” such that ~
○ As is open the case with ~
○ would rather … than ~
○ Now that ~
○ too ··· to ~
○ I wonder if ~
○ If I were you,
○ If you don’t mind,
○ unless otherwise specified
○ Wouldn’t it be great if ~ ?
○ Not untill A that B
○ It is just around the corner.
○ It fits me well.
○ It is worth -ing.
○ Like I said,
○ You know what?
○ Do I make myself clear?
○ I have no idea
○ I’m not sure
Input : 2022.02.07 10:40