Overview of Imaging Devices
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1. BLI
2. FMT
3. US
4. SPECT
5. PET
6. MRI
7. CT
8. TPEM
1. BLI
⑴ spatial resolution : 5-20 mm depending on depth of signal
⑵ acquisition time : seconds
⑶ detection limit : ~ 103 cells
⑷ penetration depth : um ~ mm
① UV (150-380 nm) : penetration depth ＜ 0.1 mm
② violet ~ deep blue (390-470 nm) : penetration depth ~ 0.3 mm
③ blue ~ green (475-545 nm) : penetration depth ~ 0.3-0.5 mm
④ yellow ~ orange (545-600 nm) : penetration depth ~ 0.5-1.0 mm
⑤ red (600-650 nm) : penetration depth ~ 1.0-2.0 mm
⑥ deep red ~ NIR (650-950 nm) : penetration depth = 2-3 mm
⑦ NIR (950-1200 nm) : penetration depth = 1 mm
○ Used for image-guided surgery, etc.
⑸ labeling strategy : reporter gene
⑹ advantages : cheap, simple, high throughput
⑺ disadvantages : small animals only, low resolution, only 2D images
2. FMT
⑴ spatial resolution : 2-3 mm
⑵ acquisition time : seconds to minutes
⑶ detection limit : ~ 106 cells
⑷ imaging sensitivity : 10⁻¹⁰ - 10⁻¹² mol/L
⑸ labeling strategy : reporter gene, fluorescence dye
⑹ advantages : low cost, simplicity
⑺ disadvantages : low resolution, low penetration of fluorescence
3. US
⑴ spatial resolution : 150 μm; -2 mm depending on depth
⑵ acquisition time : seconds to minutes
⑶ detection limit : not well characterized
⑷ penetration depth : mm ~ cm
⑸ labeling strategy : reporter gene, antibody with microbubble
⑹ advantages : low cost, simplicity
⑺ disadvantages : limited 3D imaging, low SNR (signal-to-noise ratio)
4. SPECT
⑴ spatial resolution : 0.5-2 mm (microSPECT), 7-15 mm (clinical SPECT)
⑵ acquisition time : minutes
⑶ detection limit : ~ 105 cells
⑷ imaging sensitivity : 10⁻¹⁰ - 10⁻¹¹ mol/L
⑸ penetration depth : no limitation
⑹ labeling strategy : reporter gene, incubation with radiotracer
⑺ advantages : 3D imaging
⑻ disadvantages : requires anatomic reference, radiation hazard
5. PET
⑴ spatial resolution : 1-2 mm (microPET), 4-10 mm (clinical PET)
⑵ acquisition time : seconds to minutes
⑶ detection limit : ~ 104 cells
⑷ imaging sensitivity : 10⁻¹¹ - 10⁻¹² mol/L
⑸ penetration depth : no limitation
⑹ labeling strategy : reporter gene, incubation with radiotracer
⑺ advantages : 3D imaging, high sensitivity of contrast agent, functional imaging
⑻ disadvantages : cost, requires anatomic reference, low spatial resolution, radiation hazard
6. MRI
⑴ spatial resolution : 0.01-0.1 mm (small animal MRI), 0.5-1.5 mm (1.5 T MRI)
⑵ acquisition time : minutes to hours
⑶ detection limit : ~ 104 cells
⑷ imaging sensitivity : 10⁻³ - 10⁻⁵ mol/L
⑸ penetration depth : no limitation
⑹ labeling strategy : internalization or surface labeling with nanoparticles or specific ions
⑺ advantages : 3D imaging, high spatial resolution, no radiation required, good soft tissue contrast
⑻ disadvantages : high cost, complex mechanism, time-consuming
7. CT
⑴ spatial resolution : 0.02-0.3 mm (microCT), 0.5-2 mm (clinical CT)
⑵ acquisition time : seconds to minutes
⑶ detection limit : not well characterized
⑷ imaging sensitivity : 10⁻² - 10⁻³ mol/L
⑸ penetration depth : no limitation
⑹ labeling strategy : internalization or surface labeling with nanoparticles
⑺ advantages : 3D imaging, relatively low cost, high spatial resolution, fast scan time
⑻ disadvantages : radiation hazard, low sensitivity of contrast agent
8. TPEM
Input: 2021.03.07 12:12