Chapter 0. History of Electromagnetism
Recommended Article: [Physics] Physics Table of Contents
1. Ancient History
⑴ Discovery of Electricity: Induction of Static Electricity in Amber by Friction
⑵ Discovery of Magnetism: Phenomenon of Magnetite Attracting Iron Filings
① Thales (Magnesia), “Magnetite has a soul and attracts things.”
② Empedocles, “Magnetic effluvium comes out from iron and is attracted to a magnet.”
⑶ Equating Electricity and Magnetism (Attraction, Action at a Distance)
2. Medieval History
⑴ Peregrinus’s Model
① Magnetic poles point toward the poles
② Density of magnetic poles increases as you move from the center toward the poles
③ Follows lines connecting from one pole to the other
3. Modern History
⑴ Gilbert: Royal Physician of England
① Argued that the Earth is a magnet based on the model of a spherical magnet
② Proposed a cosmic model based on magnetic forces
⑵ Descartes: Presented models using lodestone
⑶ Grey
① Classified conductors and insulators through frictional electricity
② Classified metals as conductors
⑷ Nollet’s Electrostatic Experiment
① Discovered that charged individuals can attract small grain or paper pieces
② Felt a spark and tingling sensation when touching people
⑸ Du Fay’s Electric Fluid
① Discovered two different types of electricity through frictional electricity
② Differentiated between resinous electricity and vitreous electricity
③ Glass acquires a + charge easily, while materials like silk or Teflon acquire a - charge
⑹ Benjamin Franklin: Differentiated electricity not by types but by gaining or losing it
⑺ Volta
① Discharge happens instantaneously with high voltage, making it unobservable
② Voltaic pile enables observation of continuous current at low voltage
⑻ Galvani
① Observed muscle movement through different metals
② Copper becomes (+) pole, zinc becomes (-) pole
⑼ Coulomb: Measurement of Electromagnetic Forces
⑽ Oersted: Fusion of Electricity and Magnetism
⑾ Faraday: Combination of Various Types of Electricity
① Argued for sameness from the observation of consistent characteristics across types of electricity
② Electromagnetic induction
⑿ Maxwell: Integration of Electricity and Magnetism
⒀ Hertz
① Detection of Electromagnetic Waves
② Flames not observed in the vertical direction
Input : 2019.07.07 19:43