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Chapter 0. History of Electromagnetism

Recommended Article: [Physics] Physics Table of Contents


1. Ancient History

2. Medieval History

3. Modern History



1. Ancient History

⑴ Discovery of Electricity: Induction of Static Electricity in Amber by Friction

⑵ Discovery of Magnetism: Phenomenon of Magnetite Attracting Iron Filings

① Thales (Magnesia), “Magnetite has a soul and attracts things.”

② Empedocles, “Magnetic effluvium comes out from iron and is attracted to a magnet.”

⑶ Equating Electricity and Magnetism (Attraction, Action at a Distance)



2. Medieval History

⑴ Peregrinus’s Model

① Magnetic poles point toward the poles

② Density of magnetic poles increases as you move from the center toward the poles

③ Follows lines connecting from one pole to the other



3. Modern History

⑴ Gilbert: Royal Physician of England

① Argued that the Earth is a magnet based on the model of a spherical magnet

② Proposed a cosmic model based on magnetic forces

⑵ Descartes: Presented models using lodestone

⑶ Grey

① Classified conductors and insulators through frictional electricity

② Classified metals as conductors

⑷ Nollet’s Electrostatic Experiment

① Discovered that charged individuals can attract small grain or paper pieces

② Felt a spark and tingling sensation when touching people

⑸ Du Fay’s Electric Fluid

① Discovered two different types of electricity through frictional electricity

② Differentiated between resinous electricity and vitreous electricity

③ Glass acquires a + charge easily, while materials like silk or Teflon acquire a - charge

⑹ Benjamin Franklin: Differentiated electricity not by types but by gaining or losing it

⑺ Volta

① Discharge happens instantaneously with high voltage, making it unobservable

② Voltaic pile enables observation of continuous current at low voltage

⑻ Galvani

① Observed muscle movement through different metals

② Copper becomes (+) pole, zinc becomes (-) pole

⑼ Coulomb: Measurement of Electromagnetic Forces

⑽ Oersted: Fusion of Electricity and Magnetism

⑾ Faraday: Combination of Various Types of Electricity

① Argued for sameness from the observation of consistent characteristics across types of electricity

② Electromagnetic induction

⑿ Maxwell: Integration of Electricity and Magnetism

⒀ Hertz

① Detection of Electromagnetic Waves

② Flames not observed in the vertical direction



Input : 2019.07.07 19:43

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