Chapter 6-1. Apoptosis
Higher category : 【Biology】 Chapter 6. Cell Signaling
1. Apoptosis and necrosis
⑴ Apoptosis
① Do not damage surrounding cells.
② Signaling mechanism by caspase is involved.
○ Caspase : Related to Initiation of apoptosis and digestion of intracellular components.
③ Uses ATP.
④ Progresses slowly.
⑤ Forms blebs, i.e. membrane deformation.
⑥ Affected by phagocytosis.
⑵ Necrosis
① Damages to surrounding cells.
② Signaling mechanism by caspase is not involved.
③ Do not use ATP.
④ Suddenly progresses.
⑤ Inflammatory reaction is involved.
⑥ Not affected by phagocytosis.
2. Initial phase and later phase of apoptosis
⑴ Initial phase of apoptosis
① The asymmetry of membrane is broken.
Ex. Phosphatydil serine
⑵ Later phase of apoptosis
① There occurs holes on membrane like necrosis.
3. Apoptosis and dietary cells
⑴ If dietary cells encounter foreign substances, they shall not be destroyed as scheduled.
⑵ Ex. TLR(toll-like receptor)
① Iκ-B and NF-κB are involved.
② NF-κB is usually present in cytoplasm in combination with Iκ-B protein.
③ If an external stimulus (e.g. TLR) is present, NF-κB is separated from Iκ-B and moved to the nucleus.
Input : 2019.03.14 21:19